After the industrial processing of cereal grains it results: cereal bran and fodder flour.
Maize fodder flour
- Fodder flour differs from the bran by the lower cellulose content and by the rich content of starch, having a higher digestibility.
The fodder flours may be used as an energy source, replacing entirely the cereals for ruminants and respectively 30-40% of the cereals in feeding of fattening pigs and poultry.
Wheat-bran
- As compared to the flour, is richer in protein, fat, cellulose, minerals, especially phosphorus and vitamins of B complex., the most valuable beeing the wheat bran.
DDGS
- The product is successfully used for animal feed, and studies carried out up to date in countries of Western Europe, America and Asia have demonstrated an increase in the production of meat/milk as well as the optimization of the production costs. Due to the high content of protein, which is triple compared to the maize, and to the digestibility of phosphorus, which is approximately 59%, the DDGS are highly requested. This product may successfully assure the feeding of pork, cattle, sheep, horses, poultry, but also for other animal species.
Foodoer meals
As a result of the extraction of oil from oilseed grains, it results the fodder meals, as by-product. In our country, for animal feeding are frequently used the sunflower meals and soya meals and in a smaller extend the rapeseed meals.- NON-GMO and GMO Soy-bean: The Soy-bean meals, as fodder value, are in the first place among the by-products from oil factories. Besides the high protein content and a proper ratio between the essential amino acids, are getting closer to the biological value of animal protein. They have a high content of lysine and cystine, but the methionine is below the level of this substance in the sunflower meals. In the process of extracting, the soy-bean meals have a heat treatment that destroys the inhibiting biological factors and raises the biological value of protein. They have high palatability and digestibility due to the low content in raw cellulose.
The soy-bean fodder meals are used for all species and categories of animals, but mostly for mono-gastric animals, being the main source of protein, respectively of essential amino acids.
- The sunflower fodder meals are produced in the largest quantity and are used in the formation of protein mixtures or of compound fodder. The nutritional value and their use are influenced by the content of shells between 14-25%. They are rich in protein, minerals (phosphorus, iron, copper, cobalt) and in vitamins of B complex. They have a high content of methionine, exceeding all the vegetable fodder; their content is lower in lysine and may be corrected by adding synthetic lysine.
- The rapeseed fodder meals have high protein content (35-40%) and lower cellulose content than sunflower meals. The content of amino acids is at the same level with other fodder meals. The new varieties of rapeseed - canola type, free of toxic and anti-nutritional substances (erucic acid and glucosinolates) have high productivity and a content rich in lipids and proteins, with high biological value, being closer to soy-bean meals.
